![]() Seventeen of the 51 potential articles identified met inclusion criteria. Included studies compared an element of the history or physical examination with a reference standard of ankle-brachial index, duplex sonography, or angiogram. MEDLINE (January 1966 to March 2005) and Cochrane databases were searched for articles on the diagnosis of PAD based on physical examination published in the English language. To systematically review the accuracy and precision of the clinical examination for PAD.ĭata sources, study selection, and data extraction: Physicians typically depend on the clinical examination to identify patients who need further diagnostic testing. Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is common and associated with significant increases in morbidity and mortality. ![]()
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